Types of artificial intelligence.
Artificial intelligence can be divided in various types, but there are mainly two types of main categorization which are based on capability and functionally of AI. Following is a flow diagram explain that type of artificial intelligence.
AI type -1: based on capabilities.
1. Artificial narrow/weak intelligence(ANI):
This type of artificial intelligence represents all the existing AI, including even the most complicated and capable that has never been created to date. Artificial narrow intelligence refers to AI systems that can only perform a scientific task autonomously using human-like capabilities. these machines can do nothing more than what they are programmed to do, you and does have a very limited or narrow range of competencies. According to the aforementioned system of classification, the system corresponding to all the reactive and limited memory AI that uses machine learning and deep learning to teach itself falls under ANI.
2. Artificial general intelligence(AGI):
Artificial general intelligence is the ability of an AI agent to learn, perceive, understand, and function completely like a human being. These systems are able to independently build multiple competencies and form connection and generalization across domain, massively cutting down on time needed for training. This will make a AI system is capable as humans by replicating our multi-functional capabilities.
3. Artificial strong/super intelligence (ASI):
The development of artificial super intelligence will probably mark the Pinnacle of AI research, and AGI will become by far the most capable form of intelligence on earth. ASI, in addition to replicating the multi-faceted intelligence of human being, will be exceedingly better at everything they do because of overwhelmingly greater memory faster data processing and analysis and decision making capabilities. The development of AGI and ASI will lead to a scenario most probably referred to as the singularity.
Artificial intelligence type-2: based on functionality.
1. Reactive Machines:
These are the oldest form of AI system that have extremely limited capability. They emulate the human mind's ability to respond to different kinds of stimuli. These machine do not have memory - functionality. This means such machine cannot use free previously gained experience to inform their present actions, i.e., these machine do not have the ability to “learn”. These machine could only be used for automatically responding to a limited set or combination of inputs. They cannot be used to rely on memory to improve their operation based on the same. A popular example of a reactive machine is IBM’s Deep Blue, a machine that beat chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov in 1997.
2. Limited memory:
Limited memory machine are machines that, in addition to have the capability of your early reactive machine, are also capable of learning from historical data to make a decisions. All present AI systems, such as those using deep learning, trained buy large volumes of trading data that they store in their memory to form a reference model for solving future problem. For instance, animal recognition AI is trained using thousands of pictures and their labors to teach it to name objects it scans. When an image is scanned by search an AI, it uses the training images as reference to understand the contents of the image presented to it, and based on its “learning experience” 8 levels new images with increasing accuracy. Almost all present-day AI applications, from chat bots and virtual assistants to self-driving vehicles are all driven by limited memory AI.
3. Theory of mind:
While the previous two types of found in abundance, the next two types of exist, for now, either as a concept or a work in progress. Theory of mind is the next level of AI system that researchers are currently engaged in innovating. A theory of mind level of AI I will be able to better understand the entities it is interacting with by describing their needs, emotions, beliefs and thought processes. While artificial emotional intelligence is already a budding industry and an area of interest for leading AI researchers, achieving theory of mind level of AI bill required development in other branches of AI as well. This is because to truly understand human needs, AI machines will have to perceive humans as individuals whose minds can be shaped multiple factors, essentially “understanding” humans.
4. Self awareness:
This is the final stage of AI development while currently exist only hypothetically. Self-aware AI, which, self-explanatory, is an AI that have evolved to be so akin to the human brain that it has developed self-awareness. This type of AI will not only be able to understand and evokes in those it interacts with, but also have emotions, needs, beliefs, and potentially desires of its own. Although the development of self aware can potentially boost our progress as a civilization by leaps and bounds, it can also potentially lead to catastrophe. This is because one self-aware, the AI would be capable of having ideas like self- preservation which may directly or indirectly spell the end of humanity, as such as entity could easily outmaneuver the intellect of any human being and plot elaborate scheme to take over humanity.
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